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Research on the effect of straw mulching on the soil moisture by field experiment in the piedmont plain of the Taihang Mountains 
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下载免费PDF全文 To reveal the influencing effect of the long-term straw mulching on the soil moisture, this paper employed the field experiment data in 2010 of a typical area of Taihang Mountains plain, observed the soil moisture dynamic regularities under different mulching patterns by virtue of depressimeter and neutron probe, analyzed the characteristics of soil water content and storage in different depths and seasons under the long-term straw mulching. The results showed that the long-term straw mulching can keep the soil moisture conservation of the deep, while decreased the shallow. (1) The long-term straw mulching can changed the type of soil water movement. If no straw mulching, the type is mainly evaporation-infiltration. And with straw mantle the type would change into infiltration. The number of zero flux plane would be reduced or absent. (2) The long-term straw mulching can increase the soil water reserves of the whole soil profile with the depth between 0 cm and 220 cm. But the soil water content of the layer from 30 cm to 80 cm decreased and the soil water content of the layer from 80 cm to 220 cm increased instead., The effect of soil moisture conservation on winter wheat is not obvious; (3) With no straw mulching, the depth of infiltration recharge by rainfall or irrigation is shallower than 80 cm. In a straw mulching, the influence depth is can extend to 120 cm; (4) With no straw mulching , there is a deep layer on the depth of 220 cm between March and June, while this layer will disappear with a long-term straw mulching. 相似文献
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半干旱地区播前灌溉和地膜覆盖对春小麦产量形成的影响 总被引：18，自引：5，他引：13
两年大田试验研究了播前灌溉和地膜覆盖对春小麦产量形成及水分利用的影响。试验设4个处理, 对照(CK)、播种前灌水30mm(W), 覆膜60d(M)和播种前灌水30mm加覆膜60d(WM)。结果表明, 播前灌溉后土壤水分状况得到明显改善, 但由于土壤温度显著下降, 播前灌水会影响春小麦苗期的干物质积累。地膜覆盖在作物生育前期可以改善土壤水温条件, 促进干物质积累, 在后期则会导致土壤水分状况恶化, 导致收获指数的下降, 影响产量的形成和水分利用。在春小麦生产中将播前灌溉与地膜覆盖相结合: 一方面可以在作物出苗时及苗期改善土壤水温条件, 促进作物生长发育; 另一方面在产量形成的关键时期可以通过更好的水分条件去除覆膜的负效, 获得产量和水分利用效率的显著提高。 相似文献
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透明型膜覆盖后,土-气界面热平衡状况发生变化,使得覆盖后产生增温效应.通过边界层热平衡分析,建立了一维热传导数学模型,模型中考虑覆盖层的光学特性,忽略土壤水分运动对土壤温度分布的影响,经与土柱实验数据检验,表明模型具有良好的精度且塑膜覆盖对土壤热状况有强烈的影响.着重探讨了表土含水率不同所产生的热效应的差异. 相似文献
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干旱是影响作物生长发育的主要非生物胁迫因素之一,水分亏缺所造成的危害超过了一切逆境因子的总和,严重影响作物产量及农业生产。作为全国重要优质棉区之一的新疆,干旱及水资源缺乏也成为棉花产业发展的重大限制因素之一,棉花种植几乎完全依赖灌溉,而棉花或棉田是否需要灌溉,可根据土壤含水量以及植株本身受旱程度特征等指标来判断。本文从棉花干旱形态变化、生长发育进程、生理生态特征、产量结构差异、土壤水分变化、气象干旱等不同方面对绿洲棉田干旱指标研究的现状和进展进行总结,并对进一步开展滴灌模式下棉田干旱发生发展过程以及干旱敏感性指标研究提出建议。 相似文献
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Effects of length and application rate of rice straw mulch on surface runoff and soil loss under laboratory simulated rainfall 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Misagh Parhizkar Mahmood Shabanpour Manuel Esteban Lucas-Borja Demetrio Antonio Zema Siyue Li Nobuaki Tanaka Artemio Cerdà 《国际泥沙研究》2021,36(4):468-478
Forest land affected by deforestation yields high soil and water losses.Suitable management practices need to be found that can reduce these losses and achieve ecological and hydrological sustainability of the deforested areas.Mulch has been found to be effective in reducing soil losses;straw mulch is easy to apply,contributes soil organic matter,and is efficient since the day of application.However,the complex effects of rice straw mulch with different application rates and lengths on surface runoff and soil loss have not been clarified in depth.The current paper evaluates the efficiency of rice straw mulch in reducing the hydrological response of a silty clay loam soil under high intensity and low frequency rainfall events(tap water with total depth of 49 mm and intensity of 98 mm/h)simulated in the laboratory.Surface runoff and soil loss at three lengths of the straw(10,30,and 200 mm)and three application rates(1,2,and 3 Mg/ha)were measured in 50 cm(width)×100 cm(length)×10 cm(depth)plots with disturbed soil samples(aggregate soil size<4 mm)collected in a deforested area.Bare soil was used as control experiment.Runoff volume and erosion were significantly(at p<0.05)lower in mulched soils compared to control plots.These reductions were ascribed to the water absorption capacity of the rice straw and the protection cover of the mulch layer.The minimum runoff was observed for a mulch layer of3 Mg/ha of straw with a length of 200 mm.The lowest soil losses were found with straw length of10 mm.The models developed predict runoff and erosion based on simple linear functions of mulch application rate and length,and can be used for a suitable hydrological management of soil.It is concluded that,thanks to rice straw mulch used as an organic soil conditioner,soil erosion and surface runoff are significantly(at p<0.05)reduced,and the mulch protection contributes to reduce the risk of soil degradation.Further research is,however,needed to analyze the upscaling of the hydrological effects of mulching from the plot to the hillslope scale. 相似文献
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在研制了室内蒸发动态观测实验系统的基础上,分析了土表覆膜开孔率和灌水定额不同条件下,蒸发土壤含水率剖面的动态特征。通过累积蒸发量的计算分析,基于Gardner关于裸土蒸发的累积蒸发量与时间关系成正比的理论关系,建立了不同覆膜开孔率和灌水定额影响下累积蒸发量随时间变化的三因素模型,从而成为传统Gardner关系的进一步扩展。在此基础上,进一步分析了覆膜开孔率和灌水定额对相对累积蒸发量和单位膜孔面积累积蒸发量的影响,并得出了相对累积蒸发量和单位膜孔面积累积蒸发量与覆膜开孔率和灌水定额之间的定量函数关系。 相似文献
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风沙危害防治的主要工程措施及其机理 总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21
对风沙危害防治的主要工程措施及其物理机理进行了深入研究,从理论上得出格状沙障内最大风蚀深度与方格边长之间的解析关系,利用流体力学理论计算了不同草头高度h0所对应的最大间距Lmax,得出格状沙障中心沙粒的起动风速随沙障规格和深宽比h/L的增加而减小,建立了栅栏下风侧风速为来流风速的百分率与栅栏下风向距离的关系,并对不同孔隙度尼纶网栅栏的风沙阻导效应、直立植物及戈壁砾石覆盖防沙措施的粗糙特征、化学工程固沙措施等进行了广泛研究。通过对已有研究成果的综合评述,剖析了风沙工程学面临的主要问题与任务,指出与生态环境治理、资源开发及可持续发展问题紧密结合,是风沙危害防治研究发展的方向,并亟待加强与生态环境恢复-资源高效开发一体化的风沙危害防治措施的理论研究与技术示范。 相似文献
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